26 concise reference notes for european union. These are public reference material, not private user records or a transfer of language-model weights.
European Parliament
Directly elected representatives share EU lawmaking with the Council and approve the budget.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-097Primary reference: european-union.europa.eu
European Council
National leaders set EU political priorities; this institution generally does not legislate.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-098Primary reference: european-union.europa.eu
Council of the European Union
National ministers adopt laws with Parliament and coordinate policies.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-099Primary reference: european-union.europa.eu
European Commission
The executive proposes legislation, manages policies and budget, and oversees application of EU law.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-100Primary reference: european-union.europa.eu
Court of Justice of the European Union
The Court interprets EU law and reviews the legality of institutional acts.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-101Primary reference: european-union.europa.eu
European Central Bank
The ECB pursues euro-area price stability and conducts monetary policy.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-102Primary reference: european-union.europa.eu
European Court of Auditors
This institution audits EU finances and how EU funds are used.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-103Primary reference: european-union.europa.eu
EU regulations
Regulations bind in their entirety and apply across the EU.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-104Primary reference: european-union.europa.eu
EU directives
Directives require national results while leaving countries to adopt implementing laws.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-105Primary reference: european-union.europa.eu
EU decisions
Decisions bind their specified addressees and are directly applicable.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-106Primary reference: european-union.europa.eu
EU recommendations
Recommendations suggest action without binding legal obligations.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-107Primary reference: european-union.europa.eu
EU opinions
Opinions express institutional views without binding legal force.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-108Primary reference: european-union.europa.eu
Personal data
GDPR covers information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-109Primary reference: eur-lex.europa.eu
Data minimisation
Process only personal data necessary for the stated purpose. Article 5.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-110Primary reference: eur-lex.europa.eu
GDPR lawful basis
Processing needs a lawful basis; consent is one possibility, not the only one. Article 6.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-111Primary reference: eur-lex.europa.eu
GDPR access rights
People can request access to their personal data and processing information. Article 15.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-112Primary reference: eur-lex.europa.eu
GDPR rectification
People can request correction of inaccurate personal data. Article 16.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-113Primary reference: eur-lex.europa.eu
GDPR erasure
Erasure applies on specified grounds and has exceptions. Article 17.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-114Primary reference: eur-lex.europa.eu
GDPR portability
Portability has conditions, including automated processing based on consent or contract. Article 20.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-115Primary reference: eur-lex.europa.eu
Privacy by design
Controllers must implement appropriate safeguards and data protection by default. Article 25.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-116Primary reference: eur-lex.europa.eu
EU AI Act
The AI Act establishes obligations based on AI uses and risk levels.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-117Primary reference: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu
AI Act transparency
People must be informed of covered chatbot interactions; disclosure duties depend on the application.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-118Primary reference: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu
AI Act high-risk systems
High-risk uses face requirements such as risk management, documentation, human oversight and robustness.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-119Primary reference: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu
General-purpose AI
General-purpose model obligations differ from system obligations and include transparency and copyright measures.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-120Primary reference: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu
AI literacy
AI literacy concerns understanding AI systems, their opportunities and risks.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-121Primary reference: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu
AI Act application dates
Application dates differ by obligation and amendment. Consult current official materials before deciding compliance deadlines.
Brief primary-source summary; educational, not a compliance determination · ref-122Primary reference: digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu
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